The Unscientific Practice of Cultivation and the Degradation of Soil Productivity: Appropriate Procedure for Cultivation of Miscellaneous Cropping on Various Types of Soil

Abstract

The soils gradually lost productivity for unscientific practice of cultivation and the chemical fertilizer increase applied on cultivation which resulted in the soils gradually losing earlier productivity. Furthermore, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries, cultivators are low educated and illiterate, consequently they can't apply accurate amounts of chemical fertilizer, bio-fertilizer, insecticides and poison. Infrequently, they apply more chemical fertilizer and infrequently they apply less fertilizer. As well as, the corresponding type of soils are not perfect for all types of crops. For instance, the sandy loam type of soils is perfect for potatoes, onion, carrots etc which crops grow beneath soils. Notwithstanding, the loam sandy soil is not perfect for paddy crops or jute since in this type of soil more than sand & silts which results can't retain sufficient water and else, this type of soils can't hold the roots of paddy. Otherwise, the clay loamy type of soils is perfect for paddy and jute crops. Since, this type of soils can retain sufficient water and the clay strongly hold the numerous roots of paddy and jute crops. Consequently, these types of crops grow adequately and production rate is high in this type of soils. By experiments and examination, it is known that if we follow several procedures, then the production rate of crops and vegetables double to triple times will be enhanced. These several procedures are given below- A). By experiments, it is known that the productivity of soils predominantly depends on the amount of air and sunlight infiltration in the soils. Atmospheric air and sunlight are precious elements for the growth of each type of crops and vegetables. Nevertheless, by observation it is known that more cultivation land can't tillage before planting or sowing the crops. Consequently, the sun rays and atmospheric air can't enter the soils. Besides, after again and again tillage the cultivation land lost acidity and humidity in soils which increased productivity of the soils. Henceforward, before planting the crops need two to five times tillage the cultivation land and keep it for ten to twenty days. To mention that the two to five times tillage do on different days not on similar days. B). By experience, it is known that the bio-fertilizer (cattle dung etc) needs to apply hugely on the cultivation especially before planting of crops. Since it decomposes with water and it is mixed with soil elements consequently, each type of crops gets sufficient requirement elements which help to grow the crops. Moreover, the utilization of bio-fertilizer keeps balance the productivity of soils since the huge utilization of chemical fertilizers lost its earlier or natural productivity which returns sufficient application of bio-fertilizer. Hence, for sufficient growth of crops need apply both bio-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. C). By experience, it is known that each crop and vegetation can't tolerate more chemical fertilizer, especially urea. Henceforward, it needs little amount applied on crops and vegetables at different times. Urea is extremely effective for rapidly growing crops and vegetables; however, the crops and vegetables can't tolerate it at a similar time. Hence, the urea is applied six to ten times with little amount after one week or ten days interval which results in an increased production rate of crops and vegetables per hectare. As well as timely irrigation on crops land when it needs and withdraw all grass from the crops land helps to ensure sufficient growth of the crops and vegetables. Merely for the vegetables crops need two to three times tillage after ten days' interval the cultivation land appeared during the vegetables. It destroys all types of grasses from the cropping land else, the atmospheric air and sunlight spontaneously enters within soils which increase the productivity of soil.