Assessment of Chemical and Bacterial Pollution in Soil Samples from Industrial Areas of Elbasan, Albania

Abstract

This study investigates soil pollution in the industrial zones of Elbasan, Albania, focusing on chemical contamination, particularly heavy metals, and bacterial pollutants. Groundwater and soil samples were collected during August-September 2023 to assess the extent of pollution in areas dominated by light and heavy industries. For the first time, comprehensive data on soil pollution, are presented for the analysed period. The findings underscore the significant impact of industrial activities on soil quality and highlight the urgent need for environmental remediation measures.

Elbasan city has long grappled with environmental pollution, particularly from industrial activities. Soil pollution, driven by chemical contaminants and bacterial agents, poses serious health risks to residents and ecosystems.

Sampling sites were selected based on the presence of light and heavy industries, which are known contributors to soil pollution. Chemical analysis involved quantifying heavy metal concentrations, including Nickel (Ni), using state-of-the-art techniques such as atomic absorption spectroscopy. Bacterial contamination was assessed through microbial culture and enumeration methods. Nickel concentrations exceeded EU regulatory standards by more than threefold, indicating severe contamination.

The high levels of chemical pollution observed in Elbasan's soil underscore the environmental degradation caused by industrial activities. Collaboration between governmental agencies, industries, and local communities is imperative to address soil pollution effectively and safeguard environmental sustainability. The study highlights the pervasive nature of soil pollution in Elbasan's industrial areas, posing significant health risks. Urgent action is required to mitigate pollution sources, improve wastewater management practices, and enforce environmental regulations. Addressing soil pollution is essential to protect public health, preserve ecosystems, and promote sustainable development in the region.