Effect of Smoking Habit on the Frequency of Micronuclei in in Exfoliated Oral Epithelial Cells and Comparative Image Analysis

Abstract

Cigarette smoking is the largest preventable risk factor for disease and death in developed countries. The history of smoking dates back to long periods of time, dating back to the late fifteenth century AD, but its transmission to our Islamic world occurred in the early twentieth century with the coming of colonialism to Islamic countries. The important factors that predict the start of smoking in western societies are the presence of friends who smoke, the presence of parents who smoke, low social level, and the tendency to have mental health problems and impulsivity, while the important factors that predict the transition to regular smoking are the presence of friends who smoke and weak academic orientation. Recently, the use of biomarkers as tools to evaluate Geno toxicity, known as biomarkers are biological parameters that provide information about the physiological or pathological state of an individual or population. There were two sets of participants: nonsmokers and smokers. The results showed that the mean and variation of the total percentage of nuclear abnormalities were, respectively, for smokers and controls. [10.35 ± 4.14], [65.08 ± 17.48*]. The means of the two groups differed significantly, according to an independent sample t-test. Both the smokers' and the controls' results were statistically significant.