Parental involvement and advocacy in special education: voices of parents of children with autism in nigeria

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that affects communication, social interaction, and behavior. Globally, there is growing recognition of the crucial role that parental involvement and advocacy play in supporting the educational experiences and outcomes of children with autism. In Nigeria, however, systemic, cultural, and institutional barriers continue to hinder the full inclusion of parents in special education processes. This study explores the voices, lived experiences, and advocacy efforts of Nigerian parents of children with autism within the education system. Guided by a qualitative design with a descriptive survey component, the study examines the nature of parental involvement, identifies barriers and enabling factors, and analyzes how socio-cultural, economic, and institutional contexts influence their participation. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of parents across selected states in Nigeria. Findings indicate that while some parents actively engage in Individualized Education Plans (IEPs), school visits, and advocacy at policy levels, many face significant challenges such as stigma, lack of awareness, limited resources, and unsupportive school environments. Cultural misunderstandings regarding autism make it even harder to advocate for people with the condition. The study shows how parents are strong by showing how they can build informal support networks and find new ways to deal with stress. Recommendations encompass enhanced institutional support, culturally attuned awareness initiatives, and inclusive educational practices that emphasise parent-school partnership. This research highlights the critical necessity to empower parents as essential players in the education of children with autism in Nigeria, in accordance with worldwide objectives for inclusive and equitable education for all.