Evaluation of Phytoremediation in the Ogoni Wasteland of Southern Nigeria

Abstract

Phytoremediation offers an effective strategy for managing environmental degradation in the Ogoni wastelands of southern Nigeria, but its benefits and socio-economic implications have not been adequately studied. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of phytoremediation techniques on soil contamination and community perception and participation in environmental restoration efforts. Soil samples were collected from several sites in Ogoni wasteland, and pollutant concentrations were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Selected plant species were used for phytoremediation interventions, and microbial activity was assessed using CO2 production rates. Household surveys and interviews were conducted to measure perceptions of community membership and involvement in correctional programs. Analysis of soil samples revealed a significant decrease in contaminant concentrations after phytoremediation, with average initial concentrations decreasing to 23.456 mg/kg and plant biomass accumulation rates of 0.567 kg/sq m returning to 4.901 kg/m², an indication of differences in activity of various organisms in pollutant uptake. After phytoremediation, the changes showed an increasing trend, with CO2 emissions increasing from 0.567 mg CO2/g/hr to 1.345 mg CO2/g/hr. The household survey showed a positive attitude towards the effectiveness of phytoremediation, with an average score of 4.012 on a scale of 1 to 5. Research findings show that phytoremediation can be a sustainable solution for soil pollution in the Ogoni wastelands. These results contribute to the existing body of knowledge by providing empirical evidence and insights into the environmental, social, and economic dynamics of ecological restoration in conflict zones on the background.