The environmental impact of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) on health

Abstract

This study examines the electromagnetic fields (EMF) that pervade modern society for their potential health hazards. Its aim was to investigate EMF exposure levels, resulting biological effects, current recommendations, population characteristics, and public opinion, and to give a comprehensive account of the subject. Data collection encompassed EMF exposure levels in different settings, experimental studies of biological effects, existing guidelines, demographic differences, and public perception surveys, analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics to evaluate relationships between variables. EMF exposure levels differed among locations, with metropolitan areas and industrial facilities showing higher levels. Experimental studies have shown that EMF can have many effects on living organisms, including increased oxidative stress, altered gene expression, and disrupted biological rhythms. Organizations had varying guidelines based on different risk assessment approaches. Demographic groups differed in their EMF exposure and awareness: children and teenagers had higher exposure, whereas younger adults showed higher awareness but variable concern, and younger people relied more on online sources of information. The results emphasize the need for focused risk evaluation and mitigation measures, harmonization of standards, and tailored communication campaigns to address demographic differences in awareness and concern, informing public discussion and government decisions.