The impacts of air pollution on human health and well-being: a comprehensive review

Abstract

Air pollution is a pressing global environmental challenge with far-reaching consequences for human health and well-being. This review examines air pollution, its diverse sources, and its detrimental effects on individual and community health. It explores the main types of pollutants found in the atmosphere, their origins, and the mechanisms through which they affect human health, as well as the links between air pollution and climate change. It also considers the global burden of air pollution, highlighting the scale of its impact and the urgent need for effective mitigation strategies to safeguard public health and preserve the environment, and reviews the existing literature, with particular reference to Indian cities. The review identifies some of the key factors that moderate the relationship between air pollution and health, such as socio-demographic variables, perception of health risks, and coping strategies. The findings have important implications for policymakers, urban planners, and public health officials, who must consider the impact of air pollution on health when formulating policies and interventions to address this critical issue.