Alma atar declaration of health promotion: a tool in emergency preparedness for prevention and mitigation of re-emerging infectious disease outbreaks

Ijeoma Kingsley Ogor — 2026-02-05

Alma-Ata Declaration stated that health is a fundamental human right and stressed the relevance of addressing political, socio-cultural and socio-economic determinants of health. The Declaration defined Primary Health Care (PHC) as an essential healthcare made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community, through their full participation and at a cost the community and country can afford. This review evaluated the impact of Alma Atar Declaration on health promotion emergency preparedness for prevention and mitigation of re-emerging infectious disease outbreaks in Nigeria. Previous literatures were reviewed using search engines including google scholar, Mendeley reference library, and Pubmed. Results showed that Alma-Ata Declaration had significant impact on global health policy, structuring health as a holistic, human rights-based issue. Many countries adopted PHC strategies such as expanding immunization programs, maternal and child health services, and community-based intervention programmes in prevention and control of infectious diseases by empowering individuals and communities with knowledge, skills, and resources required to protect their own health and reduce disease transmission. The integrated approach ensures that PHC services are delivered alongside other essential health interventions, including maternal and child health and nutrition programs in order to strengthen health systems, improve resource efficiency, community trust, and vaccine acceptance.

Inhibition of quorum sensing in microbial escherichia coli and pseudomonas sp. biofilms using yellow bell (allamanda cathartica) leaf extract

Cris Anne L. Avila — 2026-03-25

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is an escalating global health threat, necessitating alternative strategies such as quorum sensing (QS) inhibition. Quorum sensing governs bacterial virulence and biofilm formation, making its inhibition a promising therapeutic target.

Objective: To evaluate the anti-quorum sensing and antibiofilm activity of ethanol extract from Allamanda cathartica leaves against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp.

Methods: Allamanda cathartica leaves were collected, processed, and extracted using ethanol. Multiple concentrations of the extract were tested alongside positive and negative controls. Anti-QS susceptibility assays and biofilm formation experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions. Inhibition zones were measured and analyzed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

Results: A statistically significant difference in inhibition zones was observed across treatment concentrations for both E. coli and Pseudomonas sp. (p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA). Higher extract concentrations produced greater inhibition, demonstrating dose-dependent anti-QS activity and suppression of biofilm formation.

Conclusion: Allamanda cathartica leaf extract demonstrates potential as a natural, accessible, and cost-effective quorum sensing inhibitor. Further research testing the extract against additional bacterial strains is recommended to fully characterize its antibacterial scope.

Journal of Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of Human Diseases

Alma atar declaration of health promotion: a tool in emergency preparedness for prevention and mitigation of re-emerging infectious disease outbreaks

Inhibition of quorum sensing in microbial escherichia coli and pseudomonas sp. biofilms using yellow bell (allamanda cathartica) leaf extract