Prof. Tareq N. Hashem 2025. Reasoning capabilities of large language models: a systematic review and meta-analysis of benchmarks, methods, and emergent behaviours (2018–2025). Journal of Artificial Intelligence,Machine Learning and Neural Network . 5, 1 (Mar. 2025), 63–75. DOI:https://doi.org/10.55529/jaimlnn.51.63.75.