https://hmjournals.com/ijaap/index.php/IJITC/issue/feed 2026-03-05T07:18:36+00:00 Editor in Chief chiefeditor.ijitc@gmail.com Open Journal Systems <p><strong>International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Engineering (IJITC)</strong> <strong>havining</strong> <strong>ISSN : 2455-5290</strong> is a Double Blind Peer reviewed open access journal.The journal is an archival journal serving the scientist and engineer involved in all aspects of information technology computer science, computer engineering, Information Systems, Software Engineering and Education of Information Technology. For this purpose we invite you to contribute your excellent papers in the relevant fields. The publications of papers are selected through Double Blind Peer Review to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. </p> https://hmjournals.com/ijaap/index.php/IJITC/article/view/6051 2026-02-04T09:49:00+00:00 Saman M. Almufti Saman.almofty@gmail.com Noor Salah Hassan noor.s.hassan@araratpti.edu.krd Maria Crisella Mercado kreezdelacruz@psau.edu.ph Johan Winsli G. Felix johanwinsli_felix@psau.edu.ph Tatiana Suplicy Barbosa tsuplicybarbosa@gmail.com Fatima E. Supan fatima_supan@psau.edu.ph

<p>The Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), inspired by the bubble-net hunting behavior of humpback whales, has emerged as one of the most influential swarm intelligence algorithms for solving complex optimization problems. Since its introduction, WOA has attracted substantial research attention due to its balance between exploration and exploitation, simplicity of implementation, and competitive performance across diverse problem domains. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of WOA, encompassing its fundamental principles, mathematical formulation, variants, hybridizations, and extensive real-world applications. A systematic taxonomy is presented to classify WOA modifications into adaptive, chaotic, hybrid, discrete, multi-objective, and intelligent-learning-based frameworks. The review also highlights WOA’s successful integration into fields such as structural engineering, energy systems, machine learning, bioinformatics, and emerging intelligent technologies including IoT and cloud computing. Comparative benchmarking and statistical analyses demonstrate the superiority of enhanced WOA variants over traditional metaheuristics in terms of convergence rate, stability, and accuracy. Finally, the paper identifies existing challenges and outlines promising research directions, including theoretical convergence proofs, parameter self-adaptation, large-scale optimization, and hybridization with deep learning and quantum paradigms. This work provides a consolidated and critical overview of WOA’s evolution, serving as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners in the field of metaheuristic optimization.</p>

2026-02-04T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://hmjournals.com/ijaap/index.php/IJITC/article/view/6113 2026-03-05T07:18:36+00:00 Maimunatu Ya’u Ibrahim yimaimunatu.pg@atbu.edu.ng Kabiru Ibrahim Musa imkabir@atbu.edu.ng Aminu Ahmad aminuahmad@atbu.edu.ng

<p>This study examines at how blockchain can improve the security of digital banking systems based on the Internet of Things. These systems are vulnerable because of their centralized structures and limited device capability. 404 bank account holders with IT and blockchain expertise participated in the poll, which evaluated their opinions on how well blockchain works to improve data security, integrity, and traceability. The findings show that there is broad consensus that blockchain improves security and trust by enabling decentralization, encryption, and unchangeable records. The study concluded that using blockchain technology is essential for designing scalable and secure digital payment systems in dynamic marketplaces.</p>

2026-02-20T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Author